Thermoelectric System for Intake Air Temperature Optimization in Toyota Prius: Modeling and Efficiency Assessment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63527/1607-8829-2025-4-12-26Keywords:
hybrid powertrain, internal combustion engine (ICE), cold start and engine warm-up, intake air temperature, thermoelectric module (TEM), adaptive thermal management, gasoline–ethanol fuel, bioethanol, regenerative braking, fuel economy, environmental performance, alternative fuels, vehicle energy efficiencyAbstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the application of thermoelectric modules for adaptive, bidirectional control of intake air temperature in the gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) of a hybrid Toyota Prius (XW30) operating on gasoline–ethanol fuel blends. The research analyses the impact of low ambient temperatures on fuel economy and environmental performance when using bioethanol-based fuels, the physicochemical properties of bioethanol, and the operational characteristics of the hybrid powertrain. Based on the calculated number of thermoelectric modules required, a system design is proposed that integrates with the vehicle’s regenerative braking system to improve energy efficiency. Mathematical modelling results of the proposed thermoelectric system are presented, demonstrating its potential to enhance ICE adaptability to alternative fuels under varying environmental conditions. The findings indicate that such an adaptive thermoelectric system can contribute to improved fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and compliance with increasingly stringent environmental regulations.
Keywords: hybrid powertrain; internal combustion engine (ICE); cold start and engine warm-up; intake air temperature; thermoelectric module (TEM); adaptive thermal management; gasoline–ethanol fuel; bioethanol; regenerative braking; fuel economy; environmental performance; alternative fuels; vehicle energy efficiency.
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