Застосування мікрокалориметрії у матеріалознавстві
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63527/1607-8829-2026-1-45-66Ключові слова:
мікрокалориметрія, матеріалознавство, фазові переходи, полімери, біоматеріали, вибухові речовиниАнотація
В цій оглядовій статті розглянуто практичне використання калориметричних методів у матеріалознавстві, зокрема для вивчення фазових переходів, визначення теплоємності та теплових властивостей, дослідження дефектів і структурних змін, дослідження полімерів, біоматеріалів, поверхневих явищ та ін. Висвітлено застосування мікрокалориметрії для контролю вибухових речовин та піротехнічних засобів.
Посилання
1. Anatychuk, L.I. (1998). Thermoelectricity. Vol.1. Physics of Тhermoelectricity. Kyiv, Chernivtsi: Institute of Thermoelectricity. 376 P
2. Anatychuk, L.I. (2003). Thermoelectricity. Vol. 2. Thermoelectric power converters. Kyiv, Chernivtsi: Institute of Thermoelectricity. 348 P.
3. Anatychuk, L.I. (2007). Current status and some prospects of Тhermoelectricity. J. Thermoelectricity, 2, 7 – 20.
4. Kobylianskyi, R., Lysko, V., & Boychuk, V. (2024). Computer-aided design of thermoelectric microcalorimetric sensors. Journal of Thermoelectricity, (1-2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.63527/1607-8829-2024-1-2-97-112.
5. Schubert, F., Gollner, M., Kita, J., Linseis, F., & Moos, R. (2016). Optimization of a sensor for a Tian–Calvet calorimeter with LTCC-based sensor discs. J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 5(2), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-381-2016.
6. Kobylianskyi, R., Prybyla, A., Konstantynovych, I., & Boychuk, V. (2022). Results of experimental research on thermoelectric medical heat flow sensors. Journal of Thermoelectricity, (3-4), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.63527/1607-8829-2022-3-4-68-81
7. Anatychuk L., Kobylianskyi, R., Lysko, V., Prybyla, A., Konstantinovych, I., Kobylyanska, A., Boychuk, V. (2023). Method of calibration of thermoelectric sensors for medical purposes. Journal of Thermoelectricity, (3), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.63527/1607-8829-2023-3-37-49.
8. Kobylianskyi , R., Lysko, V., Prybyla, A., Konstantynovych, I., Kobylianska, A., Bukharaeva, N., & Boychuk, V. (2023). Technological modes of manufacturing medical purpose thermoelectric sensors. Journal of Thermoelectricity, (4), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.63527/1607-8829-2023-4-49-63
9. Radecka, M., Rekas, M. (2007). Microcalorimetry studies of phase transitions in (BaxSr1−x)TiO3. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 88. 10.1007/s10973-006-8131-z.
10. Omen, Ł, Panas, A J., Szczepaniak, R., Dudziński, А. Microcalorimetric analysis of granular microencapsulated phase change material including the effects of thermal cycling. Thermochimica Acta, Volume 748, June 2025, 180001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2025.180001.
11. Krzyzanowski, N., Porcar, L, Perez-Salas, U. A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, Calorimetry and Densitometry Study to Detect Phase Boundaries and Nanoscale Domain Structure in a Binary Lipid Mixture. Membranes 2023, 13(3), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030323.
12. Behera, M., Raju, S., Mythili, R. et al. Study of kinetics of α⇔β phase transformation in Ti–4.4 mass% Ta–1.9 mass% Nb alloy using differential scanning calorimetry. J Therm Anal Calorim 124, 1217–1228 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5258-4
13. Mazur, O., Tozaki, K., Yoshimura, Y., & Stefanovich, L. (2022). Influence of pressure on the kinetics of ferroelectric phase transition in BaTiO3. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 599(C), 127436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2022.127436
14. Liu, Jin; Liu, Yan; Deng, Ai-Lin; Chen, Hui; Cheng, Zhu-Qing;Zhang, Li; Phase transition temperature and non-isothermal kinetics in zirconium alloys by differential scanning calorimetry. Materials Express, Volume 13, Number 2, February 2023, pp. 387-394(8). https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2023.2332
15. Tang, D., Zhang, Q. Q., Wang, F. D., Tan, G. L., & Xu, C. J. Analysis of Transformation Kinetics of 1035 Steel at Different Cooling Rates. METALURGIJA, 62 (2023), 2, 204-206. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/419876
16. Brito, G. R. F., Castro, W. B., & Soares, R. L. (2024). Effect of Heating Rate on the Kinetics of Martensitic Transformation of Ni-Ti-Hf alloys using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Mat. Res. 27. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2023-0426
17. Fabian, R., & Hadadzadeh, A. (2022). Phase Transformation Kinetics in Laser-Powder Bed Fused Fe-Cr-Ni-Al Maraging Stainless Steel. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4156053 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4156053
18. Ge, Hong-Guang & Jiao, Bao-Juan & Shuai, Qi & Liu, Ming-Yan & Chen, San-Ping & Hu, Rong-Zu & Gao, Sheng-Li. (2005). Determination of the Specific Heat Capacity of RE(Et2dtc)3(phen) by Microcalorimetry. Chinese Journal of Chemistry - CHINESE J CHEM. 23. 1495-1498. 10.1002/cjoc.200591495.
19. Demirtürk, Duygu & Ozturk, Hande & Güler, Murat. (2023). Using Calorimetry-Based Method for Measuring Specific Heat Capacity of Asphalt Concrete. 10.31462/icearc.2023.tra873.
20. Zhu, H., Lu, H., Zhang, Y., Xu, H., Brodský, J., Gablech, I., Feng, J., Yan, Q., & Neuzil, P. (2024). Concurrent determination of heat and capacity change of a sessile droplet using a single measurement. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 378, 116042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2024.116042
21. Wada, B. C., Baldwin, O. W. M., & Van Hecke, G. R. (2023). Heat–Cool: A Simpler Differential Scanning Calorimetry Approach for Measuring the Specific Heat Capacity of Liquid Materials. Thermo, 3(4), 537-548. https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo3040032
22. Gabriel Glotz, Donald J. Knoechel, Philip Podmore, Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler, and C. Oliver Kappe. Organic Process Research & Development 2017 21 (5), 763-770. DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00092
23. Petrucci, R. H., Herring, F. G., Madura, J. D., & Bissonnette, C. (2023). Petrucci's General Chemistry: Modern Principles and Applications, eBook. Pearson Higher Ed. 1528 р. https://books.google.com.ua/books/about/Petrucci_s_General_Chemistry_Modern_Prin.html?id=m-nMEAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
24. Vlassak J. J. Calorimetry: An Old Tool Revisited at the Nano-Scale. 2022. https://mse.rpi.edu/seminars/2022/calorimetry-old-tool-revisited-nano-scale
25. Steinemann, F.L., Rütti, D.P., Moser, M. et al. Simultaneous determination of enthalpy of mixing and reaction using milli-scale continuous flow calorimetry. J Flow Chem 12, 389–396 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41981-022-00237-x
26. Bhatnagar, S., Comerford, A., Xu, Z., Polato, D. B., Banaeizadeh, A., & Ferraris, A. (2024). Chemical Reaction Neural Networks for fitting Accelerating Rate Calorimetry data. Journal of Power Sources, 628, 2025, 235834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235834
27. Pushp, M., Lonnermark, A., & Vikegard, P. (2023). Ageing tests closer to real service conditions using hyper-sensitive microcalorimetry, a case study on EPDM rubber. Polymer Testing, 120, 107948. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.107948.
28. Alexandra Navrotsky. New Developments in the Calorimetry of High-Temperature Materials. Engineering, 2019, 5(3): 366‒371 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.003.
29. Sun Woong Baek, Kira E. Wyckoff, Daniel D. Robertson, Matevž Frajnkovič, Yucheng Zhou, Sarah H. Tolbert, Ram Seshadri, and Laurent Pilon. Operando Calorimetry Investigation of Particle Size Effects on Heat Generation in Wadsley–Roth (W0.2V0.8)3O7-Based Electrodes. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2023 6 (3), 1355-1367. DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c03150
30. Cunningham, W. S., Lei, T., Howard, H. C., Rupert, T. J., & Gianola, D. S. (2025). Kinetics of Amorphous Defect Phases Measured Through Ultrafast Nanocalorimetry. Physical Review Letters, 131(21), 216102. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.216102
31. Ma, S., Zhang, X., Zheng, G., Qian, M., & Geng, L.. A study on martensitic transformation behavior in shape memory alloys via a modulated differential scanning calorimetry technique. Appl. Phys. Lett. 125, 252202 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240749
32. Yuyan Zhang; Srinivas Tadigadapa. Thermal characterization of liquids and polymer thin films using a microcalorimeter. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 034101 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1850186
33. Lalaso V. Mohite, Vinay A. Juvekar, and Jyoti Sahu. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2019 58(18), 7495-7510. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04792
34. Joanna Drzeżdżon, Dagmara Jacewicz, Alicja Sielicka, Lech Chmurzyński,.Characterization of polymers based on differential scanning calorimetry based techniques, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 110, 2019, Pages 51-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.037 .
35. Musuc, A. M., Doni, M., & Popa, V. T. (2022). Microcalorimetric Characterization of Polymer Composites Biodegradability. Engineering Proceedings, 19(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECP2022-12664
36. Malik A. Blackman, Meisha L. Shofner, and Camden A. Chatham. Investigating Fast Scanning Calorimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry as Screening Tools for Thermoset Polymer Material Compatibility with Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2025 7(2), 719-728. DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c03052
37. Mattia Isola, Giovanna Colucci, Aleandro Diana, Agusti Sin, Alberto Tonani, Valter Maurino, Thermal properties and decomposition products of modified cotton fibers by TGA, DSC, and Py–GC/MS, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Volume 228, 2024, 110937, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110937 .
38. Ganeeva, Y.M., Okhotnikova, E.S., Yusupova, T.N. et al. Thermal characteristics of polymer modified bitumen according to simultaneous thermal analysis and microcalorimetry investigation. J Therm Anal Calorim (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-025-14036-8.
39. Hu, H., Wu, J., & Zhang, M. (2024). Microcalorimetry Techniques for Studying Interactions at Solid–Liquid Interface: A Review. Surfaces, 7(2), 265-282. https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7020018.
40. Guerrero-Fajardo, C. A., Giraldo, L., & Moreno-Piraján, J. C. (2020). Graphene Oxide: Study of Pore Size Distribution and Surface Chemistry Using Immersion Calorimetry. Nanomaterials, 10(8), 1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081492.
41. Chaillot, D.; Folliard, V.; Miehé-Brendlé, J.; Auroux, A.; Dzene, L.; Bennici, S. Basic Properties of MgAl-Mixed Oxides in CO2 Adsorption at High Temperature. Materials 2023, 16, 5698. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ma16165698.
42. Kevin Raheem, John Cassidy, Anthony Betts, Bernard Ryan, A simple microcalorimetry system to determine the adsorption behaviour of acids in large adhesive bond gaps using base-initiated solution polymerisation of ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Volume 125, 2023, 103424, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2023.103424
43. Rixiang Huang, Boris L.T. Lau, Biomolecule–nanoparticle interactions: Elucidation of the thermodynamics by isothermal titration calorimetry, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, Volume 1860, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 945-956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.027
44. Prozeller, D., Morsbach, S., & Landfester, K. (2019). Isothermal titration calorimetry as a complementary method for investigating nanoparticle–protein interactions. Nanoscale, 11(41), 19265–19273. DOI: 10.1039/C9NR05790K
45. Rodler, A., Ueberbacher, R., Beyer, B., & Jungbauer, A. (2019). Calorimetry for studying the adsorption of proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 49(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2018.1487852
46. Abian, O., Vega, S., & Velazquez-Campoy, A. (2023). Biological Calorimetry: Old Friend, New Insights. Biophysica, 3(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica3010002
47. Kabiri, M., & Unsworth, L. D. (2014). Application of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry for Characterizing Thermodynamic Parameters of Biomolecular Interactions: Peptide Self-Assembly and Protein Adsorption Case Studies. Biomacromolecules, 15(10), 3463–3473. DOI: 10.1021/bm5004515.
48. O’Brien, Ronan, and John E Ladbury, Isothermal titration calorimetry of biomolecules', in Stephen E Harding, and Babur Z Chowdhry (eds), Protein-Ligand Interactions: hydrodynamics and calorimetry (Oxford, 2000; online edn, Oxford Academic, 31 Oct. 2023), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637492.003.0010, accessed 2 July 2025.
49. K. Joyce, S. Rahmani, Y. Rochev, Quasi-isothermal modulated DSC as a valuable characterisation method for soft tissue biomaterial crosslinking reactions, Bioactive Materials, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 428-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.002.
50. Armen, J. M. (2022). BIOMATERIALS: FROM SCAFFOLD DESIGN TO IMPLANT OPTIMIZATION (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/2160.
51. De Klerk WPC (1996). Thermal analysis of some propellants and explosives with DSC and TG/DTA (ADA320678). Defense Technical Information Center. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA320678.pdf.
52. https://standards.globalspec.com/std/14609978/stanag-4147.
53. De Klerk WPC (2015). Assessment of stability of propellants and safe lifetimes. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 40(3):388-393. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201500040.
54. Turcotte, R.; Fouchard, R.C.; Turcotte, A.-M.; Jones, D.E.G. Thermal analysis of black powder.J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2003, 73, 105–118. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1025181424038
55. Liang, Xue & Zhao, Feng-Qi & Xing, Xiao-Ling & Xu, Si-Yu & Qing, Pei & Yin, Gao & Rong-Zu, Hu. (2010). Evaluation of Thermal Hazard of Composite Modified Double-base Propellant by Microcalorimetery Method. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities. 26(4)
56. Svensson, L.G. & Paulsson, L.E. & Lindblom, Torbjörn. (1990). A Microcalorimetric Study of Temperature and Stabilizer Effects on the Heat Generation in Gun Propellants. 4th Gun Propellant Conference. Mulvala, Australia, 1990. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291946415_A_Microcalorimetric_Study_of_Temperature_and_Stabilizer_Effects_on_the_Heat_Generation_in_Gun_Propellants.
57. Svensson, L.G. (2009). Аmpoule microcalorimetry for stability and Compatibility Testing of Explosives and materials. Engineering, Materials Science, Chemistry.
58. Folly, P. (2004). Thermal Stability of Explosives. CHIMIA, 58(6), 394–400. https://ojs.chimia.ch/chimia/article/download/3863/3153/13838
59. Mirjana Dimić, Bojana Fidanovski, Ljiljana Jelisavac, Vesna Rodić. Analysis of the of Propellants-Polymers Compatibility by Different Test Methods. Scientific Technical Review, 2017, Vol. 67, No.2, pp.13-19. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5149/7931eb4e8e06e5518f4764b7298550e6b345.pdf
60. Vogelsanger, Beat. (2004). Chemical Stability, Compatibility and Shelf Life of Explosives. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry. 58. 401-408. 10.2533/000942904777677740.
61. La Haye, Ellen & Klerk, W. & Miszczak, M. & Szymanowski, J. (2003). Compatibility testing of energetic materials at TNO-PML and MIAT. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry – J THERM ANAL CALORIM. 72. 931-942. 10.1023/A:1025034719070.
62. Roduit, B. & Borgeat, Ch & Berger, B. & Folly, Patrick & Andres, H. & Schädeli, U. & Vogelsanger, B. (2006). Up-scaling of DSC data of high energetic materials – Simulation of cook-off experiments. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 85. 195–202. DOI:10.1007/s10973-005-7388-y
63. Stanković, M., Antić, G., Blagojević, M. et al. Microcalorimetric Compatibility Testing of the Constituents of Combustible Materials and Casting Composite Explosives. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 52, 581–585 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010127924628
64. Jimmie C. Oxley. Chapter 8 - The Thermal Stability of Explosives, Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Volume 2, 2003, Pages 349-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4374(03)80012-2.
65. Fidanovski, Bojana & Simic, Danica & Dimić, Mirjana & Terzić, Slavica. (2020). Differential scanning calorimetry and vacuum stability test as methods to determine explosives compatibility. Scientific Technical Review. 70. 35-40. 10.5937/str2003035F.
66. Maule, I., Razzetti, G., Restelli, A., Palmieri, A., Colombo, C., & Ballini, R. (2021). Organic Process Research & Development, 25(4), 781–788. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00433
67. Sanchirico, R., & Di Sarli, V. (2023). An Alternative Approach for Predicting the Shelf Life of Energetic Materials. Fire, 6(9), 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6090333.
68. Stolarczyk, A., & Jarosz, T. (2022). Thermal Properties of Energetic Materials–What Are the Sources of Discrepancies? Fire, 5(6), 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire5060206
69. Huestis, P. L., Stull, J. A., Lichthardt, J. P., Wasiolek, M. A., Montano-Martinez, L., & Manner, W. V. (2022). Effects of Low-Level Gamma Radiation on Common Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives. ACS Omega, 7(3), 2842–2849. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05703.
70. Tarchoun, A. F., Trache, D., Abdelaziz, A., Harrat, A., Boukecha, W. O., Hamouche, M. A., Boukeciat, H., & Dourari, M. (2022). Elaboration, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of New Nanoenergetic Composite Based on Hydrazine 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and Nanostructured Cellulose Nitrate. Molecules, 27(20), 6945. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206945
71. Zuo, Chun-jie & Zhang, Chao-yang. (2024). Standardizing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal decomposition temperatures at various heating rates of an energetic material as a threshold one. Energetic Materials Frontiers. DOI:10.1016/j.enmf.2024.06.006.
72. Roseres, C.-A., Courty, L., Gillard, P., Boulnois, C., & Le Renard, C. (2019, June). Reactivity of pyrotechnic compositions: Influential parameters study. 44th International Pyrotechnics Society Seminar - Europyro 2019, Tours, France. ⟨hal-02172931⟩.
73. Cheng, J., Yan, N., Ye, Y. et al. Stability of pyrotechnic composition in flame detonator exposed to severe thermal stimulus. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 31, 814–819 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-015-5083-5
74. Phanindra, K. H., Sivapirakasham, S. P., Balasubramanian, K. R., & Surianarayanan, M. (2019). Thermal and Impact Sensitivity of Pyrotechnic Compositions Containing the Potassium Perchlorate, Aluminium and Graphite. Materials Science Forum, 969, 146–151. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.146
75. Sivapirakasam, S. P., Surianarayanan, M., & Vijayaraghavan, R. (2006). Thermal Characterization And Kinetic Modeling Of A Pyrotechnic Flash Composition Under Adiabatic Conditions. Journal of Pyrotechnics, (23), 61–67. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249645232
76. Sivapirakasam, S. P., Surianarayanan, M., & Vijayaraghavan, R. (2010). Thermal Characterization of Pyrotechnic Flash Compositions. Science and Technology of Energetic Materials, 71(1), 11–16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286176243
77. Pakkirisamy, S. V., Mahadevan, S., Paramashivan, S. S., & Baran, M. A. (2014). Water induced thermal decomposition of pyrotechnic mixtures. Thermokinetics and explosion pathway. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 30, 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2014.03.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2014.03.005.
78. Li, Q., Yao, P., Wang, L., & Zhang, W. (1995). The application of microcalorimetry in the compatibility test for pyrotechnics. Thermochimica Acta, 253, 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(94)02097-8
79. Xia, H. (2017). Thermal Analysis and Thermal Hazard Analysis of Ionic Liquids (Version 1). University of Notre Dame. https://doi.org/10.7274/zg64th86c21.
80. Rongzu, H., Xuelin, C., Shijin, C. et al. A new method of determining the thermal conductivities of energetic materials by microcalorimeter. Journal of Thermal Analysis 42, 505–520 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02548532.
81. Wim de Klerk, Niels van der Meer, Reinier Eerligh. Microcalorimetric study applied to the comparison of compatibility tests (VST and IST) of polymers and propellants. Thermochimica Acta. Volumes 269–270, 20 December 1995, Pages 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)02363-1.
82. Svensson І. Using isothermal microcalorimetry for the prediction and testing of long-term properties of materials and products. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Volume 49: Issue 2, 1017–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01996789
83. Guillaume, Pierre & Rat, Mauricette & Pantel, Gabriele & Wilker, Stephan. (2001). Heat Flow Calorimetry of Propellants - Effects of Sample Preparation and Measuring Conditions. Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics - PROPELLANT EXPLOS PYROTECH. 26. 51-57. 10.1002/1521-4087(200104)26:23.0.CO;2-H.
84. Brown, S. D., Charsley, E. L., Goodall, S. J., & Laye, P. G. (2003). Studies on the ageing of a magnesium–potassium nitrate pyrotechnic composition using isothermal heat flow calorimetry and thermal analysis techniques. Thermochimica Acta, 401(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00055-8.
85. Croce, M.P., Bracken, D.S., Likes, R.N., Rudy, C.R., Santi, P.A. (2024). Principles of Calorimetric Assay. In: Geist, W.H., Santi, P.A., Swinhoe, M.T. (eds) Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials for Safeguards and Security. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58277-6_23.
86. Amharrak, H., Reynard-Carette, C., Lyoussi, A., Carette, M., Brun, J., De Vita, C., Fourmentel, D., Villard, J.-F., & Guimbal, P. (2014). Monte Carlo Simulation Study of a Differential Calorimeter Measuring the Nuclear Heating in Material Testing Reactors. EPJ Web of Conferences, 106, 05005. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201610605005.
87. Zhang, J., Ma, T., Zhang, L., Peng, X., Qu, G., Jin, S., Sun, Y., Han, J., & Zhao, G. (2025). The design and calibration of a new differential calorimetric dedicated to nuclear heating measurements. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 219, 111485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2025.111485
##submission.downloads##
Як цитувати
Номер
Розділ
Ліцензія
Авторське право (c) 2026 Автори
Ця робота ліцензується відповідно до Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
